tesla model y rim rash. Sep 5, 2021 #1If you drive a Tesla Model Y or a Model 3, Tesloid has just the wheel covers for you – they look fantastic, plus they protect your rims. tesla model y rim rash

 
 Sep 5, 2021 #1If you drive a Tesla Model Y or a Model 3, Tesloid has just the wheel covers for you – they look fantastic, plus they protect your rimstesla model y rim rash 518in tall (255mm*0

Aug 29, 2018. Jun 7, 2020 28 34 New York. At just 4 inches (10 cm) narrower than the Tesla Model S, the 6 foot, 4 inch wide (193 cm) Model 3 is still 3. (To prevent curb rash. ago. Steve did a terrific job on my Tesla Model Y Performance Uberturbine wheel that had some curb rash. Take 100 grit wet or dry paper then finer paper down to 400 grit or finer. Unless this is modded heavily, it will be a Model Y. Major League Table Tennis will be featured on ESPN2's 'The Ocho', set to air on August 4th at 5 pm EST. Jul 14, 2013. 4. It's easy to repair your own wheel curb rash. Oregon. Model Y:. Wheel Bands Unique Differentiator. A forum for discussion of the Tesla Model 3 Electric Vehicle. Community. 99 $ 229. The cheapest route will be the DIY route where you can get it done under $40–$50. Before you start your curb rash repair project, you'll need to. A global manufacturer and seller of Tesla accessories, customized for Model 3/Y/S/X, has a mature sales and supply chain network, and takes high-quality quality and service as its responsibility. Re-check pressure using the tire gauge. Advertisement Coins. I used this $45 Rash Repaid Kit from Amazon made specifically to color match the Tesla rims, it comes with a tiny nail polish sized brush and was the perfect color match. Register. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. Gaming. Menu Want to remove ads?. The ergonomic 3-inch rubber sanding block is perfectly sized for your hand and comfortable to use for removing the rough edges prior to. The 255 tire is actual perfect for the 8. Jan 17, 2021. Follow these 3 steps if you want to try fixing curb-rashed wheels on your own: Step 1: Get Ready. 654. upkerry14 Member. I have a Tesla Model X. . 99 before 25% discount. I paid 99 dollars for a single wheel with about 4 inches of curb rash. This is a solved problem: the rims on many sports and luxury cars are recessed (a least a little) from the rubber tire walls, so an infrequent touch with a curb is not catastrophic. This is a very inexpensive way to fix the curb rash. 23. #8. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. Before you start your curb rash repair project, you'll need to take care of a few things. Model Y:. Jan 23, 2021. . Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. (larger scrapes) $29 Touch-Up Paint. K. Here is what I think about Rimblades’ Rimsavers: They give the Model 3 a crisp aesthetic while also protecting the rims from curb rash damage. Get Ready. Final result looks great: Kit can be purchased here for $5. Media New media Search media. DIY Curb Rash repair. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. The Most Expensive: Buying a New RimTesla Rim ProtectorTikTokTHE CODE BELOW FOR 1,000 FREE SUPERCHARGER MILES:Wheel Touch Up Paint for 20" Model Y Black Induction Rims - DIY Curb Rash Repair with Color-matched Touch Up Paint - Made in USA. One repair shop says they will repair with power coat and the other with paint. Menu Want to remove ads?. Re-check pressure using the tire gauge. 5 Audi Q7 2. #Tesla #modely #rimsaversNOTE: RimSavers will NOT fit the Gemini wheel! ALL other Tesla wheels are compatible!Link to RimSavers: They’re easy. Tesla Model S Model 3 Model X Model Y Roadster 2008-2012 Roadster 202X Cybertruck. 7 out of 5 stars 10,819 #1 Best SellerI've seen a lot of mobile places that repair rim rash. I’m sure most people are like me, and never worried about it. 558. WTB 1 Model Y Induction Rim for Curb Rash Replacement SoCal. Second car of mine was my 2017 infiniti q60 coupe which they fixed some curb rash AS well as powder coated them gloss black. Then allow 10-15 minutes of drying time before applying subsequent. Save yourself some time and money and get the stock wheels and replace with after market items. 5 +28 5x114 Volk TE37 Ultra M-Spec wheels in Diamond Silver color. 2. HypoEutectic3+ H. Sales Price: 4 interest-free installments, or from $13. These wheel covers are made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and come in a matte black color that is specifically designed to match Model Y. Forum list. 99-10% No Drill Tesla Model 3/Y Front License Plate. . Welcome to Tesla Motors Club. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 12K. Color Options. Take a wet cloth and wipe down the area that was damaged, removed any leftover debris. Everyone I know has had at least some curb rash before, it’s a natural part of owning a car. Advertisement Coins. Seller list Search marketplace. r/TeslaModelY. HypoEutectic3+ H. Forum list. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. . 78 out of 5 based on 74 customer ratings. Register. Cup Holder Insert for Tesla Model 3 and Model Y. . Jan 30, 2023 #1Looking for rim rash repair need Long Beach CA. ago. I got a small knick on my Tesla Model Y Performance Uberturbine rim and i wanted to get the Rust-Oleum Universal Metallic Paint & Primer - Carbon Mist but home depot being a pain and i cant seem to find it anywhere around me within reasonable distance (closest store is 50 miles away, wtf). MSM definitely has a shade of blue whereas the wheels do not. Back in November 2020 I uploaded a video on how to fix your Model Y curb rash using Rustoleum Matte Wheel paint, but either supply chain issues or the fact t. Aug 16, 2020 #1Does anyone in the NYC Metro area have a good road rash (rim scuff/scratches) specialist they can recommend? Preferably shops that have frequent Tesla Model. Once to fix the rims on my wife's Mercedes, and now, because of my lack of depth perception, I needed Bryan's services to fix the rim on my fairly new 2017 Honda Accord. I spent $140 the first time my induction wheels got curb rash. New media Search media. Have setup an appointment with Tesla Service for Thursday. This 1/2 oz / 15ml bottle of touch-up paint is professionally-mixed and color-matched to the Tesla Model Y Induction wheel. Community. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 12K. A global manufacturer and seller of Tesla accessories, customized for Model 3/Y/S/X, has a mature sales and supply chain. Wider tires to prevent curb rash? People have been reporting curb rash with both the 18 and 19's. Deeper gouges require more work to fix which costing more. Here is a photo of the Tesla Model Y that tumbled 250ft down a steep cliff. Hot. Black wheel, Grey, Silver alloy, Anthracite and more. 6 Fl Oz (20ml) Wheel Rim Touch Up Paint for Tesla Model Y/3 Car Rims - Satin Finish Pre-Mixed Car Rim Paint for Alloy Rim Repair - With Resealable Brush Applicator Cap - Dark Metallic Grey. The 2020 M3 Performance wheel color is technically called Gunpowder. . kpanda17. . MagBak RimCase for Tesla Model 3 & Y (4 Pack) MagBak RimCase effortlessly shields your wheels from dreaded curb rash while parking or navigating drive-thrus. Put on at least a few coats of both. Sep 8, 2018 197 157 Vancouver, British Columbia, Grand Blanc Nord. K. Tesla Model Y Curb Rash Repair - 20” Induction Wheels - DIY. Test rim: The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate for use with that tire. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. Mar 25, 2019 415 257 Boyds, MD. You're going to get all kinds of recommendations, but I'm in the car reconditioning business and I'm telling you it pays to use someone whose repair will last for years. C. Wider tires on the rim make it act like a normal car and only get rim rash on a solid connection, not every time you barely brush something. fixing curb rash on 21" charcoal grey Model Y 11-spoke Performance Uberturbine wheels. Drive with confidence knowing that your Wheels are safe from road damage! We get it… wheel damage is infuriating and expensive, so eliminate this stress from your day and take pride in your ride knowing that. The pen includes paint and clear coat sealant. Menu Want to remove ads?. Matt-FL; Oct 9, 2023; Tesla Energy; Replies 11 Views 754. Here is a photo of the Tesla Model Y that tumbled 250ft down a steep cliff. Public Events. $39. I got the dreaded text from the wife recently that she had hit a curb with the Tesla Model Y. Mar 10, 2021 413 481 NC. . Both cars had 19" premium alloy wheels FYI. Our minivan however got minor curb rash on narrow drive through lane. 4 out of 5 stars 68 $44. ianbruin; Sep 10, 2023; Model Y: Driving Dynamics; Replies 0The paint pen is good from 10 feet away. Stick on protectors will fly off or peel off or be destroyed at the first curb. 5” wide rims. Great for Tesla curb rash repair. There's no type of plastic/rubber/adhesive that will withstand the torque of your wheel against concrete. They’re easy. 22’ M3LR ‘DrkNite’/ 22’ MYP BliueRocket. The stock side wall is 4. I was beyond upset yesterday when I rashed it, he came out the same day I called him and it is a darn near flawless repair. Jun 9, 2020 #1 Jun 9, 2020 #1In Miami was referred by Tesla SC , highly recommend is Willy from: Mastech Wheels Express, Inc. And the Tesla wheel cover replacements are foam padded for better protection of the wheel painting also stop squeaking rattling. DIY Curb Rash repair. #19. New. Tesla Wheel Rims Touch Up Paint- DIY Curb Rash Repair with Color-matched Touch Up Paint. Even in that case, damage to the rim is still likely if not nearly unavoidable. Are rims in good shape, one has minor road rash, tires are in fair condition, but will need replacing soon . Final price will show in cart upon checkout. I don't believe a 1/4 inch is going to impact handing or aerodynamics. USA. 90/Fl Oz) In StockOur one month old Tesla's rim got scraped and "rashed" when someone who will remain nameless (not me) got too close to the curb. It's very clear that the car has not. Klutchtech Tesla Model Y Hubcaps - 20 Inch Tornado Wheel Covers Replacement Tesla Wheel Caps 20'' Induction Wheel Hub Caps Compatible with Tesla Model Y Accessories 2021-2023 (Matte Black - 4 Pack) Tesla Wheel Curb Rash Repair Kit for 19" Model 3 Silver Stiletto Sport Rims - DIY Kit with Color-matched Touch Up Paint - Made in USA 18 inch Wheel Covers For Tesla Model 3 | Accessories Website. Sold FS: 20" Vossen HF3 - Satin Grey - Model Y. I wonder why Tesla doen't use wheels a little bit narrow, which could avoid getting curb rash? Doing a quick search on Tirerack. Like It Never Happened. Please select the product you need. kpanda17. New wheels and tires to reduce curb rash could buy you 20 to 30 repairs. It’s a process but it isn’t going anywhere after that. The Curb Rash Repair Kit contains a 1/2 oz / 15 ml bottle of touch-up paint color-matched to the 21-inch Tesla Model Y Uberturbine wheel. 5. When I think Tesla Model S curb rash protection, I don’t often think about the aesthetic component to it, however having seen the Wheel Bands on the factory 21. Sep 20, 2021 #15 Sep. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. I don't believe a 1/4 inch is going to impact handing or aerodynamics. 1,898. At the time of ordering, if you choose to upgrade the rims, it will run you an extra $1,500-$,2000 to swap the wheels for your Model Y or Model 3. Wheel Bands include a track and insert which offer multiple. Given that I do a fair bit of city driving and parallel parking, I can see this happening again, so I’d like to be able to repair. 5. Buford, GA. 4) Paint the Affected Area. Take a wet cloth and wipe down the area that was damaged, removed any leftover debris. Below are the four types of stock wheels that Tesla has installed on Model 3 vehicles since the launch in 2018: 18" Tesla Model 3 grey Aero wheels These are the standard wheels that Tesla installs on all Model 3 vehicles if the car was not upgraded from the original configuration. I've seen several new Model Y with "curb rash". Media New media Search media. Media New media Search media. At just 4 inches (10 cm) narrower than the Tesla Model S, the 6 foot, 4 inch wide (193 cm) Model 3 is still 3. Included Blank center cap no longer pre. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 12K. SIGLIN Tesla Model Y 2023 Wheel Covers 19 Inch 4 Pcs Rim Protector Gemini Wheel Cover Replacement Compatible with Tesla Model Y 2023 2022 2021 Matte Black ABS Hubcaps Cyclone Turbine Style. 5 inches (9 cm) wider than a Toyota Camry, 2 inches (5 cm) wider than a BMW 3-series. Track and insert combinations are packaged as sets: Silver Track-Reflective Silver. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. My 21" Turbines came with 2 curbed wheels when i picked up my model Y this fall!. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. a complete set for repairing your curb-rashed rims by yourself instead of buying a new wheel or paying a wheel repair professional, Save Hundreds of Dollars and Make Your Wheels Look Like New! The model Y wheel was standard curb rash (my wife parked up against a curb, standard stuff) and one wheel on my model 3 was like that as well. 4 out of 5 stars 71 $44. We get. Once the rash is black, it disappears. Menu Want to remove ads? Register an account and. Tesla Wheel Touch Up Paint for 21" Model Y Charcoal Grey Uberturbine Performance Rims - DIY Curb Rash Repair with Color-matched Touch Up Paint - Made in USA T Sportline Tesla Wheel Touch Up Paint for Tesla Model 3 18" & Model S 19" Aero Wheel (Dark Metallic Gray)Dallas. 00. Apr 20, 2023. 2. Model Y: Interior. Less work usually means less cost. We were very pleased with the work - couldn't see where the repair was done afterward. Great Option for 20" Model Y Induction Wheel Repairs. $9. Modesto Charlie's Rim Repair $75 per rim, but you have to bring the rim sans tire in on your own. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 11K. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. . Then get a Dupli-Color Scratch Fix All in 1 pen. #6. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. Register. I will be taking delivery of my MYP (Europe) in Q1 od Q2 2022, one of the first things would be replacing the wheels with some lightweight 19s. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 11K. Vendor Show Off Your Aftermarket Model Y Wheels. May 21, 2020. Follow these 3 steps if you want to try fixing curb-rashed wheels on your own: Step 1: Get Ready. The model Y wheel was standard curb rash (my wife parked up against a curb, standard stuff) and one wheel on my model 3 was like that as well. Blog Hot New Questions Forums Tesla Model S Model 3 Model X Model Y Roadster 2008-2012 Roadster 202X Cybertruck SpaceX. ZinkWheels; Mar 8, 2023; Model 3: Interior & Exterior; Replies 9 Views 12K. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. Register. The sanding might not be necessary. Had some minor curb rash on my uberturbines and figured it might be worth waiting til after winter to get it. Model Y Wheel Covers – Induction – $229. The cheapest route will be the DIY route where you can get it done under $40–$50. I would recommend him and his company. #1. 00. Thread starter Rknapp; Start date Jan 30, 2023; R. . Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. protection against curb rash, you. OEM wheels for Model Y have a special finish that rejects the very high bond (VHB) adhesives we use to for our wheel protection products. Menu Want to remove ads?. 320. ago. Designed to protect your Tesla wheels, our wheel rim protectors are perfect curb rash guards. MagBak RimCase - Wheel Protector for Tesla Model 3 & Y (4 Wheel Pack) I. Tesla Model S Model 3 Model X Model Y Roadster 2008-2012 Roadster 202X Cybertruck. Each time i've taken it into Tesla, they've replaced it for free as a defective wheel. Tesla Model S Model 3 Model X Model Y Roadster 2008-2012 Roadster 202X Cybertruck. Rim curb rash repair Santa Monica/West Los Angeles recommendation. K. All about the Tesla Model Y, to complete Tesla's S-3-X-Y lineup. The guy showed where the 19" wheels were damaged and he was replacing them with 18" that have a wider. Test rim: The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate for use with that tire. Podcast. Blog Hot New Questions Forums Tesla Model S Model 3 Model X Model Y Roadster 2008-2012 Roadster 202X Cybertruck SpaceX. $4,500. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. Menu Want to remove ads?. Can Tesla service fix curb rash? Tesla service centers do offer curb rash fixes. ” So what exactly does this mean? When a tire scrapes across a. New media Search media. Anyone use these guys - Curb Rash Repair Kit for Tesla Model Y Uberturbine Wheels . Alloy Gators and the like do not hold up between a metal wheel w/2000 lbs of force behind it and a cement curb. S. . ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 11K. Media. 2) Sand the Affected Area. If you’re looking for maximum wheel rim protection, RimSavers are the best product. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. Model 3 - Aero Wheels Curb Rash. #3. Jul 1, 2020. Register. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. Menu Want to remove ads?. And you can't tell it happened, even from close up. 1. Below is the link to the product. New. Model Y Wheel Covers – Viking –. Xenoilphobe said: Anyone ever get the paint code for the grey 21 inch wheels, I just bought some "used" stock 19inch wheels with 2000 miles on them and have them at the shop for powdercoating, but Tesla hasn't provided feedback yet. (2) $139. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. Feb 27, 2019. Model Y. Just need to blend/ wet sand the new paint in. 20,778. Oct 5, 2022. Function. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model 3 Rims. Unfortunately, when a family member scuffs the Model Y 20" induction wheels, the damage is super obvious. A global manufacturer and seller of Tesla accessories, customized for Model 3/Y/S/X, has a mature sales and supply chain network, and takes high-quality quality and service as its responsibility. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 12K. Can I put regular OEM tesla Y rims on the performance? I don’t know. 328. Apr 24, 2019. Designed to protect your Tesla wheels, our wheel rim protectors are perfect curb rash guards. iMoe Member. Beaverton, Oregon. New media Search media. #3. Both claim that's what the factory uses. Blog Hot New Questions Forums Tesla Model S Model 3 Model X Model Y Roadster 2008-2012 Roadster 202X Cybertruck SpaceX. Odd that there are no covers that match Tesla's Y rim's. Various repair places seem to all do a good job of rim repair. Media New media. Menu Want to remove ads?. Yes, I got a few dings and scuffs here and there. Rknapp Member. Discuss Tesla's Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, Cybertruck, Roadster and More. Protect your Tesla wheels from scuffs and scratches caused by curb and pothole damage with AlloyGator alloy wheel rim protectors. Tesla Vehicles. Tread rib: A tread section running around the circumference of a tire. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. Shop turbine style wheels, arachnid style wheels, and forged wheels for your Tesla Model 3. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. Nov 19, 2020 39 7 Los Angeles. Orlando Curb Rash Rim Repair. New media Search media. 20" Inductions wheels are satin black and they really match with black accents on Model Y. . I like that look and the dependability, aerodynamics and range. Blog. Tesla Model Y Curb Rash Repair - 20” Induction Wheels. 2. . MagBak RimCase effortlessly shields your wheels from dreaded curb rash while parking or navigating drive-thrus. 95Tesla 3s and Ys are susceptible to curb rash for the reason you said. fixing curb rash on 20" black Model Y 10-spoke Induction wheels. I'm getting all of my tires and wheels replaced with 19 inch rims and all weather tires at a custom tire shop today. 4 out of 5 stars 8. Really letting the car. Grey Uberturbines match (loosely) with carbon fiber spoiler on Model Y Performance and that's it - there is no more grey on the car. ” in 55 reviews “ I had curb rash on my 2019 Chevy Traverse black rims and my brand new Tesla Model Y I got in December for my wife. Add to cart $299. About this item . Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. 4 71 ratings $4495 See more About this item MAKE CURB RASH DISAPPEAR - Tesla wheel touch-up paint for Model Y Uberturbine / Performance rims. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model 3 Rims. I've never seen so many curbing posts on other luxury car forums like this before. Tesla's website shows 11 spoke and everyone is making 7 or 14 spoke. This 1/2 oz / 15ml bottle of touch-up paint is professionally-mixed and color-matched to the Tesla Model Y Induction wheel. There’s no way to make it look perfect without filling in the damaged area, sanding it , and respraying the whole wheel. Just remove any rough edges from your wheel as desired with sandpaper or an abrasive tool, clean any dirt or. Vendor 3 Easy Steps To Fix Wheel Curb Rash On Your Tesla Model Y Rims. 4 4. 5 pounds. Dec 22, 2020 366 756 Orlando. I wonder why Tesla doen't use wheels a little bit narrow, which could avoid getting curb rash? Doing a quick search on Tirerack. potsticker99 • 3 yr. Media New media Search media. Curbed passenger side both wheels last night at 30-40 mph. I seem to have developed a tendency for curb rash - and this hides it all. Menu. kpanda17. Curb rash rim repair Northern Virginia. Apr 16, 2023. Here is what I think about Rimblades’ Rimsavers: They give the Model 3 a crisp aesthetic while also protecting the rims from curb rash damage. Our custom-engineered RimCase blends seamlessly with your wheels for an undetectable, sleek appearance. I messed up my Uberturbine wheel on my 2022 Tesla Model Y Performance after only 1 week of owning the vehicle. . Has nothing to do with Aerodynamics, the Bolt tires stick way out and get 260 miles range with a smaller battery. MAKE CURB RASH DISAPPEAR - Tesla wheel touch-up paint for Model Y Gemini rims conceals minor rim rash with little effort ; LOW COST WHEEL REPAIR OPTION - Repair wheel curb rash yourself instead of buying a new wheel or paying a wheel repair professional ; GREAT COLOR MATCH - High-quality automotive-grade paint is. Just ask up front the steps they’re planning to take to fix it. Does anyone know a reputable place that can repair wheel curb rash on the M3 oem 18" wheels, or know where to. Hi everyone, picked up my Model Y last Friday, with 20” black induction wheels, and just clipped a low curb that I missed. It seems to be on the rim edge and not the actual Gemini cover. Aug 14, 2022. Kim, from the popular 'Like Tesla' youtube channel, recently demonstrated her preferred DIY solution for dealing with "curb rash" by affixing a set of Wheel Bands to her Model X rims as a pre-emptive, protective measure. ZinkWheels; Mar 20, 2023; Model Y: Interior & Exterior; Replies 16 Views 12K. Tesla Wheel Touch Up Paint for 20" Model Y Black Induction Rims - DIY Curb Rash Repair with Color-matched Touch Up Paint - Made in USA. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. Walnut Creek Rite-Way Wire & Wheel Specialists - Walnut Creek, CA. Register. Model Y: Interior & Exterior Sep 16, 2023. #1. .